第5章网络基础知识-软考吧-您身边的软考专家-www.ruankaoba.com

第5章网络基础知识

总题数：147题

【5】
阅读下列说明，回答问题1和问题2，将解答填入答题纸的对应栏内。
【说明】
某图书馆的图书借还业务使用如下关系模式：
书目（ISBN，书名，出版社，在库数量）
图书（书号，ISBN，当前位置）
其中在库数量为当前书目可借出的图书的数量，每本图书入库后都会有当前位置，借出后当前位置字段改为空值。每一条书目信息对应多本相同的图书，每一本图书只能对应一条书目。
借还书业务的基本流程如下描述：
（1）读者根据书名查询书目，当前书目的在库数量大于0时可借阅。
（2）读者借出一本图书时，进行出库操作：根据该图书的书号将该图书的当前位置字段值改为空值，并根据其ISBN号将对应书目的在库数量减1。
（3）读者归还一本图书时，进行入库操作：系统根据当前书架的空余位置自动生成该本书的存放位置，并根据该图书的书号将其当前位置字段值改为生成的存放位置，然后将对应书目的在库数量加1。
（4）借还书时，逐一扫描每本图书的书号并进行出、入库操作。

真题详情及解析

【71-75】In the fields of physical security and information security,access control is the selective restriction of access to a place or other resource.The act of accessing may mean consuming,entering,or using.Permission to access a resource is called authorization（授权）.
An access control mechanism （71） between a user（or a process executing on behalf of a user）and system resources,such as applications,operating systems,firewalls;routers,files,and databases.The system must first authenticate（验证）a user seeking access.Typically the authentication function determines whether the user is （72） to access the system at all.
Then the access control function determines if the specific requested access by this user is permitted.A security administrator maintains an authorization database that specifies what type of access to which resources is allowed for this user.The access control function consults this database to determine whether to （73） access.An auditing function monitors and keeps a record of user accesses to system resources.
In practice,a number of （74） may cooperatively share the access control function.All Operating systems have at least a rudimentary（基本的）.and in many cases a quite robust,access control component.Add-on security packages can add to the （75） access control capabilities of the OS.Particular applications.or utilities,such as a database management system,also incorporate access control functions.External devices,such as firewalls,can also provide access control services.

真题详情及解析

【71-75】Why Have Formal Documents?
First, writing g the decisions down is essential.Only when one writes do the gaps appear and the （71）protrude（突出）.The act of writing tums out to require hundreds of mini-decisions, and it is the existence of these that distinguishes clear, exact policies from fuzzy ones.
Second, the documents will communicate the decisions to others.The manager will be continually amazed that policies he took for common knowledge are totally unknown by some member of his team.Since his fundamental job is to keep everybody going in the （72） direction, his chief daily task will b e communication, not decision-making, and his documents will be immensely （73） this load.
Finally, a manager's documents give him a data base and checklist.By reviewing them （74） he sees where he is, and he sees what changes of emphasis or shifts in direction are needed.
The task of the manager is to develop a plan and then to realize it.But only the written plan is precise and communicable.Such a plan consists of documents on what, when, how much,where, and who.This small set of critical documents （75）much of the manager's work.If their comprehensive and critical nature is recognized in the beginning, the manager can approach them as friendly tools rather than annoying busywork.He will set his direction much more crisply and quickly by doing so.

真题详情及解析

【71-75】Cloud computing is a phrase used to describe a variety of computing concepts that involve a large number of computers （71） through a real-time communication network such as the Internet．In science，cloud computing is a （72） for distributed computing over a network，and means the （73） to run a program or application on many connected computers at the same time．
The architecture of a cloud is developed at three layers：infrastructure，platform，and application，The infrastructure layer is built with virtualized compute，storage，and network resources．The platform layer is for general-purpose and repeated usage of the collection of software resources．The application layer is formed with a collection of all needed software modules for SaaS applications．The infrastructure layer serves as the （74） for building the platform layer of the cloud．In turn，the platform layer is a foundation for implementing the （75） layer for SaaS applications．

真题详情及解析

【70】中国自主研发的3G通信标准是（70）。

真题详情及解析

【69】“三网合一”的三网是指（69）。

真题详情及解析

【62-63】CDMA系统中使用的多路复用技术是（62）。我国自行研制的移动通信3G标准是（63）。

真题详情及解析

【69】建筑物综合布线系统中的园区子系统是指（69）。

真题详情及解析

【30】WLAN的含义是（30）。

真题详情及解析

【69】在异步通信中，每个字符包含1位起始位、7位数据位和2位终止位，若每秒钟传送500个字符，则每秒有效数据速率为（69）。

真题详情及解析

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